净室，又称无尘室，是指一个具有低污染水平的环境，这里所指的污染来源有灰尘，空气传播的微生物，悬浮颗粒，和化学挥发性气体。更准确地讲，一个净室具有一个受控的污染级别，污染级别可用每立方米的颗粒数，或者用最大颗粒大小来厘定的。低级别的净室通常是没有经过消毒的（如没有受控的微生物），更多的是关心空气传播的灰尘。

无尘室的定义为：将空间范围内之空气中的微尘粒子等污染物排除，而得到一个相当洁净的环境。亦即：这个环境中的微尘粒子相当少，称之为无尘室。净室被广泛地应用在对环境污染特别敏感的行业，例如半导体生产、生化技术、生物技术、精密机械、制药、医院等行业等，其中以半导体业其对室内之温湿度、洁净度要求尤其严格、故其必需控制在某一个需求范围内，才不会对制程产生影响。作为生产设施，净室可以占据厂房很多位置。

A cleanroom or clean room is an environment, typically used in manufacturing, including of pharmaceutical products or scientific research, with a low level of environmental pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles, and chemical vapors. More accurately, a cleanroom has a controlled level of contamination that is specified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a specified particle size. To give perspective, the ambient air outside in a typical urban environment contains 35,000,000 particles per cubic meter in the size range 0.5 μm and larger in diameter, corresponding to an ISO 9 cleanroom, while an ISO 1 cleanroom allows no particles in that size range and only 12 particles per cubic meter of 0.3 μm and smaller.