So absolutely overwhelming and complete has been the domination of the classical school.

古典学派的统治是如此绝对压倒和完全。

The classical school have tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory.

古典学派默认认为这不会对他们的理论造成重大改变。

In assuming that the wage bargain determines the real wage the classical school have slipt in an illicit assumption.

在假设工资交易决定实际工资时，古典学派陷入了一个不正当的假设。

There are, however, two familiar points which might, perhaps, have warned the classical school that something was wrong.

然而，有两个熟悉的观点或许可以警告古典学派出了什么问题。

The advantages of the international division of labour are real and substantial, even though the classical school greatly overstressed them.

国际分工的优势是真实的和实质性的，尽管古典学派过分强调了它们。

Yet I find it difficult to state it precisely or to discover an explicit account of it in the leading treatises of the modern classical school.

然而，我发现很难准确地陈述它，或者在现代古典学派的主要论文中找到对它的明确说明。

The classical school proper, that is to say; since it is the attempt to build a bridge on the part of the neo-classical school which has led to the worst muddles of all.

也就是说，真正的古典学派；因为正是新古典学派试图架起一座桥梁，才导致了最糟糕的混乱局面。

There remains an allied, but distinct, matter where for centuries, indeed for several millenniums, enlightened opinion held for certain and obvious a doctrine which the classical school has repudiated as childish, but which deserves rehabilitation and honour.

几个世纪以来，实际上是几千年来，开明的观点一直坚持一种明确而明显的学说，虽然古典学派认为这种学说是幼稚的，但它却值得恢复和尊重，这仍然是一个相关但又截然不同的问题。

Indeed, most members of the classical school carried this belief much too far; since they held that every act of increased saving by an individual necessarily brings into existence a corresponding act of increased investment.

事实上，古典学派的大多数成员都对这种信念抱有过分的态度。因为他们认为，个人每一次增加储蓄的行为都必然会带来相应的增加投资行为。

But the classical school ignored the problem, as a consequence of introducing into their premisses conditions which involved its non-existence; with the result of creating a cleavage between the conclusions of economic theory and those of common sense.

但是古典学派忽略了这个问题，因为在他们的前提条件中引入了问题不存在的条件；其结果是经济理论的结论与常识的结论之间产生了分歧。

Thus the classical school have had quite a different theory of the rate of interest in volume I dealing with the theory of value from what they have had in volume II dealing with the theory of money.

因此，古典学派在涉及价值理论的第一卷中的利率理论与他们在涉及货币理论的第二卷中的利率理论截然不同。