Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

慢性支气管炎与肺气肿同属于慢性阻塞型肺疾病（COPD、慢阻肺）。

Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.

慢性支气管炎的治疗包括降低风险因，例如戒烟，还有治疗相关疾病症状。

People with chronic bronchitis also often present with hypoxemia, low oxygen in the blood, and hypercapnia, increased carbon dioxide in the blood.

慢支患者经常合并有低氧血症，即血中氧气含量低，以及高碳酸血症，即血中二氧化碳含量高。

Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that's diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.

慢性支气管炎是慢阻肺的一种，它的诊断基于临床表现，特别是咳大量黏痰。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症导致炎症失控的另一个后果是慢性支气管炎，由黏液增多以及气道狭窄导致。

Even though an increased Reid index goes along with chronic bronchitis, the diagnosis is still done clinically and this measurement is not usually used diagnostically.

尽管慢支患者雷德指数会变大，这项检测很少用于临床诊断。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中的2种类型。

Lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma shrink the passageways that carry oxygen, while weakening the membrane that brings oxygen into the blood.

慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘等肺部疾病会缩小携带氧气的通道，同时削弱将氧气带入血液的膜。

As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, people with chronic bronchitis end up relying on coughing to get rid of their mucus plugs.

因为有太多痰液集聚，纤毛的功能也变差，慢支病患者只能靠咳嗽来排除阻塞的痰液。

Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.

一般情况下应少于40%，对于慢支患者来说，由于黏液腺的肥大增生，该数值会大于40%。