阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世（土耳其语：İkinci Abdülhamit，英语：Abdul Hamid II，1842年9月21日－1918年2月10日）为奥斯曼帝国的苏丹和哈里发（1876年—1909年在位）。

阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世是苏丹阿卜杜勒-迈吉德一世的幼子。在兄长穆拉德五世苏丹被宣布患有精神病而遭废黜后（

即位同年12月23日，在宰相米德哈特帕夏主持下，颁布帝国第一部宪法（又称《米德哈特宪法》）。

在阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世统治时期，奥斯曼帝国继续受到欧洲列强，尤其是俄国的宰割。俄国人为了报复奥斯曼帝国在巴尔干地区对其斯拉夫臣民的暴政，在阿卜杜勒－哈米德二世即位后的第二年向奥斯曼帝国宣战。像以前一样，腐朽的奥斯曼军队遭到一系列惨重失败。到1878年签署圣斯特凡诺条约时，苏丹实际上已经失去了他的绝大部分欧洲领土。对俄作战失败后，他解散议会，将宰相米德哈特放逐国外。恢复专制制度，创建恐怖统治，推行泛伊斯兰主义，迫害少数民族。

Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish:عبد الحميد ثانی‎, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî; Turkish:İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective autocratic control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline in the power and extent of the Ottoman Empire, including widespread pogroms and government-sanctioned massacres of Armenians, Kurds, Bulgarians, as well as an assassination attempt, ruling from 31 August 1876 until he was deposed shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, on 27 April 1909. He promulgated the first Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 23 December 1876, primarily to ward off foreign intervention, which was a sign of progressive thinking that marked his early rule. But due to his conviction of Western influence on Ottoman affairs, and the parliament's push for the war with Russia, which he opposed, Abdul Hamid suspended the short-lived Ottoman Constitution and parliament in 1878 and seized absolute power, ending the first constitutional era of the Ottoman Empire. Abdul Hamid's 1909 removal from the throne was hailed by most Ottoman citizens, who welcomed the return to constitutional rule after three decades.