地方志，是记载地方、地理、古代世界、历史等，由古代如何演化成现代的因由。

最早《周礼》有“掌道方志以诏观事”的记载。秦朝以后，方志渐多，《后汉书·西域传》“二汉方志，莫有称焉”。左思《三都赋序》说：“余既思摹二京而赋三都。其山川城邑，则稽之地图；其鸟兽草木，则验之方志。” 南北朝以后方志进入发展时期，有《豫章古今记》、《荆州记》、《华阳国记》，皆初具方志规模。

隋唐宋时期方志有进一步发展，体例亦日臻完善；著名的总志有隋虞世基《隋区宇图志》、唐李泰《括地志》、李吉甫《元和郡县图志》、宋乐史《太平寰宇记》、王存《元丰九域志》、欧阳忞《舆地广记》、王象之《舆地记胜》等，著名的地方性方志有宋高似孙《剡录》、宋敏求《长安志》《河南志》、程大昌《雍录》、施谔《淳祐临安志》。

Chorography (from χῶρος khōros, "place" and γράφειν graphein, "to write") is the art of describing or mapping a region or district, and by extension such a description or map. This term derives from the writings of the ancient geographer Pomponius Mela and Ptolemy, where it meant the geographical description of regions. However, its resonances of meaning have varied at different times. Richard Helgerson states that "chorography defines itself by opposition to chronicle. It is the genre devoted to place, and chronicle is the genre devoted to time". Darrell Rohl prefers a broad definition of "the representation of space or place".