化学革命，也称作第一次化学革命，是早期近代化学的突破，其中高潮在于质量守恒定律以及关于氧的燃烧理论。在19、20世纪时，这个革命认为是法国化学家安东万-罗伦·德·拉瓦节（现代化学之父）的工作。然而，最近有关早期的现代化学史的研究，认为化学革命（包括化学理论的渐进改变和实践）已出现超过两世纪之久。 所谓的科学革命发生在16到17世纪，而化学革命发生在17到18世纪。

数个因素导致了这场革命。首先，从炼金术发展出的重量分析法以及新种类医学及工业仪器的出现。在这様的环境中，化学家开始挑战古希腊学者提出的假说。 举例来说，化学家开始断言所有物质的组成，比希腊人的四元素或中古提出的八元素等炼金假说还复杂。爱尔兰的化学家劳勃·波以耳提出化学革命的基础和发表他的机械论微粒子哲学，其中的基础是炼金小体论以追溯到伪贾比尔的科学方法。

The chemical revolution, also called the first chemical revolution, was the early modern reformulation of chemistry that culminated in the law of conservation of mass and the oxygen theory of combustion. During the 19th and 20th century, this transformation was credited to the work of the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (the "father of modern chemistry"). However, recent work on the history of early modern chemistry considers the chemical revolution to consist of gradual changes in chemical theory and practice that emerged over a period of two centuries. The so-called scientific revolution took place during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries whereas the chemical revolution took place during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.