Proteins are the main chemical building blocks of life.

蛋白质是生命的主要化学组成部分。

Some fish eyes use guanine—one of the chemical building blocks in DNA—and have white eyeshine.

一些鱼的眼睛使用鸟嘌呤——DNA 中的一种化学成分——并且有白色的眼睛。

And the polymer or linear polymer is really any molecule in which simpler chemical building blocks are strung together in a chain.

聚合物或线性聚合物实际上是任何分子，其中更简单的化学结构单元以链的形式串在一起。

Second, the natural translational machinery specifically uses natural amino acids and simply can't use the chemical building blocks required to make new polymers.

其次，天然翻译机器专门使用天然氨基酸，根本无法使用制造新聚合物所需的化学构件。

Currently, researchers have to search for potentially disease-causing regions across billions of chemical building blocks that make up DNA. That has now changed, according to Mr Kohli.

目前，研究人员必须在构成 DNA 的数十亿个化学结构单元中寻找潜在的致病区域。科利先生表示，现在情况已经改变。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体密码子的顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成的聚合物中编程的化学构件的顺序。

All of this tells us that hormones and their chemical building blocks are an ancient and shared way that living things send and receive signals, maybe as old as complex life itself.

所有这些都告诉我们荷尔蒙及其化学构件是一种古老而共享的生物发送和接收信号的方式，可能和复杂生命本身一样古老。

And by changing the identity of the engineered translational machinery that we add to the cell, we can change the identity of the chemical building blocks from which we compose the polymer.

通过改变我们添加到细胞中的设计转换机制的特性，我们可以改变我们构成聚合物的化学构件的特性。

When scientists analysed Ryugu, the carbon-rich asteroid explored by Hayabusa2, they found a smorgasbord of organic compounds (that is, those containing carbon), including several different amino acids, the chemical building blocks of proteins.

当科学家分析隼鸟二号探索的富含碳的小行星龙宫时， 他们发现了有机化合物（即含有碳的化合物）的大杂烩，其中包括几种不同的氨基酸，即蛋白质的化学组成部分。

And here, the accessory digestive organs — namely, the liver, pancreas and gallbladder — secrete enzymes into the alimentary canal, where they ambush the mush and break it down into its most basic chemical building blocks.

在这里，辅助消化器官——即肝脏、胰腺和胆囊——向消化道分泌酶，在那里它们伏击糊状物并将其分解成最基本的化学成分。