弗朗索瓦-勒内·德·夏多布里昂（法语：François-René de Chateaubriand，1768年9月4日－1848年7月4日）是法国十八至十九世纪的作家，政治家，外交家，法兰西学院院士。出生于法国布列塔尼伊勒-维莱讷省的圣马洛市。拿破仑时期曾任驻罗马使馆秘书，波旁王朝复辟后成为贵族院议员，先后担任驻瑞典和德国的外交官，及驻英国大使，并于1823年出任外交大臣。着有小说《阿拉达》、《勒内》、《基督教真谛》，长篇自传《墓畔回忆录》等，是法国早期浪漫主义的代表作家。

François-René, Vicomte de Chateaubriand (/ʃæˌtoʊbriːˈɑːn/; French: [fʁɑ̃swa ʁəne də ʃɑtobʁijɑ̃]; September 4, 1768 – July 4, 1848) was a French writer, politician, diplomat, and historian, who is considered the founder of Romanticism in French literature. Descended from an old aristocratic family from Brittany, Chateaubriand was a royalist by political disposition; in an age when a number of intellectuals turned against the Church, he authored the Génie du christianisme in defense of the Catholic faith. His works include the autobiography Mémoires d'outre-tombe ("Memoirs from Beyond the Grave'", published posthumously in 1849–1850).