恰斯图什卡（俄语：Часту́шка）是一种诙谐幽默的俄罗斯民歌的形式，它们通常靠口头传诵。在那些存在着严格审查机构的地区，这种形式有着很大的发展。在苏联时期，其大部分内容含有强烈的政治和性的成分，并且使用了相当数量不规范的词汇。

恰斯图什卡一般是以使用抑扬格四行诗的形式出现的，其中第二行和第四行押韵，有时所有的行均押韵。恰斯图什卡的特点是用语词汇丰富和极富表现力，其用语常常脱离文学语言的规格。恰斯图什卡常常要用手风琴或俄式三弦琴伴奏。恰斯图什卡19世纪的最后三年里，就已经以乡村民间文学形式产生了，但其全面发展却是在苏联时期。

Chastúshka, Russian:часту́шка, pronounced [tɕɐsˈtuʂkə], derives from "часто" - "frequently", or from "части́ть" - old word, that means "to do something with high frequency" and probably refers to high beat frequency (tempo) of chastushki.

Chastushka is a traditional type of short Russian or Ukrainian humorous folk song with high beat frequency, that consists of one four-lined couplet, full of humor, satire or irony. Usually many chastushki are sung one after another. Chastushka makes use of a simple rhyming scheme to convey humorous or ironic content. The singing and recitation of such rhymes were an important part of peasant popular culture both before and after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.