虱目鱼（学名Chanos chanos）是东南亚一带的重要鱼获物，温水性鱼类，分布在亚热带或热带的海域。其他俗名有海草鱼、安平鱼、国姓鱼、麻虱目、麻虱目仔、遮目鱼、状元鱼、牛奶鱼（英语： milk fish）等。

在东太平洋由南美洲北部延伸到加州中南部都可见其踪迹，在西太平洋和印度洋〈尤其由**南部沿海一直穿过巴士海峡延伸到印度群岛〉其行踪更为频繁。因为不耐寒，所以鱼塭水温过低会造成大量死亡。除了**养殖此鱼以外，菲律宾和印尼等东南亚国家也有虱目鱼养殖。而**的虱目鱼养殖技术，被认为最早系由荷兰人自印尼引入**。

The milkfish (Chanos chanos) is the sole living species in the family Chanidae. However, there are at least five extinct genera from the Cretaceous.

The species has many common names. The Hawaiian name for the fish is awa. It is called bangús in the Philippines, where it is the national fish. In the Nauruan language, it is referred to as ibiya. Milkfish is also called "bandeng" or "bolu" in Indonesia.