A Chambre ardente (French pronunciation: ​[ʃɑ̃bʁ aʁdɑ̃t], burning chamber) was an extraordinary court of justice in Ancien Régime France, mainly held for the trials of heretics.

The name is perhaps an allusion to the fact that the proceedings took place in a room from which all daylight was excluded, the only illumination being from torches, or there may be a reference to the severity of the sentences in ardente, suggesting the burning of the prisoners at the stake. These courts were originated by Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, the first of them meeting in 1535 under Francis I.