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单词 Chacmool
释义

Chacmool

中文百科

查克穆尔

奇琴伊察出土的玛雅恰克穆尔,现陈列于墨西哥国家人类学博物馆
勒普朗根在奇琴伊察鹰与美洲虎平台(-Platform of the Eagles and Jaguars-)上发现的查克穆尔
特拉斯卡拉州立博物馆的查克穆尔
特诺奇提特兰神庙的阿兹特克查克穆尔

查克穆尔Chacmool, Chac-mool),又译为查克莫恰克莫查克莫天使等,是特指古典期晚期至后古典期见于中美洲全境的一种雕像形态的术语。这种雕像形式上为人形,半躺仰卧状,以手肘支撑上半身,头部向左或向右转90度的姿势,于胸前放置一个碗或盘状容器。除了最为著名的奇琴伊察的“武士神庙”之外,还有墨西哥西北部至洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多这一广阔的范围内都发现了其遗迹。查克穆尔是死去的武士的象征,可能是用于表示手持供品献给诸神的活人祭品,其胸前的碗形容器用于放置供品。在阿兹特克文明中,这个容器被称为cuauhxicalli(一种专门用于盛放人类心脏祭品的石碗)。查克穆尔经常被与献祭石和献祭王座起来。

英语百科

Chacmool 查克穆尔

Maya chacmool from Chichen Itza displayed at the National Museum of Anthropology
A Chacmool in the regional museum of Tlaxcala.
A Aztec chacmool from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan.
Chacmool inside the Castillo pyramid of Chichen Itza.

Chacmool (also spelled chac-mool) is the term used to refer to a particular form of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican sculpture depicting a reclining figure with its head facing 90 degrees from the front, supporting itself on its elbows and supporting a bowl or a disk upon its stomach. These figures possibly symbolised slain warriors carrying offerings to the gods; the bowl upon the chest was used to hold sacrificial offerings, including pulque, tamales, tortillas, tobacco, turkeys, feathers and incense. In an Aztec example the receptacle is a cuauhxicalli (a stone bowl to receive sacrificed human hearts). Chacmools were often associated with sacrificial stones or thrones.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 6:42:36