In order to establish and maintain centralized governments, clear territorial boundaries, and state-sponsored education systems, many nation-states promoted a standardized language.

为了建立并维持中央集权政府，明确领土边界，以及建立国有教育系统，各个国家开始推行单一标准语言。

It did not fall all at once—because it was never an empire with a centralized government, the fall was slow and gradual.

衰落并非一夕之间，因为玛雅并不是一个中央集权的帝国，衰落的过程是潜移默化的。

A lot of the further reasons why the Spanish interior is so relatively empty is because of a long history of tragedies and centralized government policies.

西班牙内陆地区相对空旷的进一步原因，很多是由于长期以来的悲剧和政府的集权政策。

They thought that the Constitution would centralize the government too much (or make the national government too powerful, with little or no power for the states).

他们认为宪法会使政府的权力过于集中（或使国家政府的权力过于强大，而各州的权力很小或根本就没有）。

And Senator Clark of Pennsylvania, another articulate spokesman, defines liberalism as " meeting the material needs of the masses through the full power of centralized government" .

还有一位发言人，宾夕法尼亚州参议员克拉克，他直截了当把" 自由主义" 定义为" 通过集权政府的所有权力来满足民众的物质需求。"

Around the same time, the US Postal Service, a centralized government agency, had the potential to provide the government a means of censoring the news, but largely didn't.

大约在同一时间，美国邮政服务，一个中央政府机构，有潜力为政府提供审查新闻的手段，但大多数机构没有。

Civilizations are also usually associated with social stratification, centralized government, shared values, generally in the form of religion, and writing.

文明通常还与社会分层、 中央集权政府、 共同价值观（通常以宗教形式） 和文字相关。

Definitions are slippery, but for our purposes, a nation-state involves a centralized government that can claim and exercise authority over a distinctive territory.

定义是模糊的， 但就我们的目的而言，一个民族国家涉及一个中央集权的政府， 它可以在一个独特的领土上宣称和行使权力。

China was really the first modern state – by which I mean it had a centralized government and a corps of bureaucrats who could execute the wishes of that government.

中国确实是第一个现代国家——我的意思是它有一个中央集权的政府和一群可以执行政府意愿的官僚。

And I bet that if the government wanted to put a chip in your brain to transmit every one of your thoughts to a centralized government computer, you would balk at that.

我敢打赌，如果政府想在你的大脑中植入一个芯片，将你的每一个想法都传输到中央政府的计算机上，你会对此犹豫不决。

Sundiata Keita founded the empire around  1230 CE after rebelling against unfair trade restrictions under the Kingdom of Sosso; the  Mali Empire centralized its government around a king – they believed the king had mystical  qualities, which helped inspire loyalty.

Sundiata Keita 在反抗索索王国的不公平贸易限制后，于公元 1230 年左右建立了帝国；马里帝国将其政府集中在国王周围——他们相信国王具有神秘的品质，这有助于激发忠诚度。