醋酸纤维素，也称为乙酸纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯，是纤维素的醋酸酯，于1865年首次制备。 醋酸纤维素在摄影中用于制造底片的片基，同时也是一些胶粘剂的成分。醋酸纤维素也用于人造纤维。

嫘萦纤维醋化得到醋酸纤维，它是一种人造纤维。嫘萦属再生纤维，其中有许多性质与丝相似，故又称人造丝。

醋酸纤维素的一个用途为制造香烟过滤嘴。其有明显的降低焦油含量的作用，但并无法降低香烟对吸烟者及旁人的危害。 它的强度比尼龙长丝低得多，弹性也差。能吸收约为本身重量6.5%的水分，加热时会软化，在232摄氏度左右熔融。能燃烧，但不易着火。长期存放和经阳光暴晒后强度稍有降低，但不影响色泽。

Cellulose acetate is the acetate ester of cellulose. It was first prepared in 1865. Cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some coatings, and as a frame material for eyeglasses; it is also used as a synthetic fiber in the manufacture of cigarette filters and playing cards. In photographic film, cellulose acetate replaced nitrate film in the 1950s due to being far less flammable as well as cheaper to produce.