Studies suggest the virus needs the help of another cell surface protein called TMPRSS2 to infect cells.

有研究表明，这种病毒需要另一种名为TMPRSS2的细胞表面蛋白的帮助才能感染细胞。

The other observation is that when eristostatin is attached to a cell's surface it attracts the attention of T-lymphocytes.

另一项是蛇毒蛋白附于细胞表面时，可吸引T形淋巴细胞。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻病毒被进入呼吸道粘膜，它的目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达的细胞表面受体。

To find its targets, it’s helped along by receptors, which are special proteins inside or on the cell’s surface.

为了找到它的目标， 它需要受体的帮助，受体是细胞内部或表面的特殊蛋白质。

With TB, they recognize foreign proteins on their cell surface and phagocytize them or essentially package them into a space called a phagosome.

对于TB来说，巨噬细胞识别细胞表面的异种蛋白，然后吞噬掉它，或者将它们胞吞进巨噬细胞，形成吞噬小体。

Specifically, these genes control the proteins that are encoded and used on the cell's surface to present foreign molecules to the immune system.

具体来说，这些基因控制着细胞表面编码和执行功能的蛋白质，向免疫系统提呈外来分子。

The immune system uses Major Histocompatibility Complex or MHC molecules to bind to the peptides and carry them to the cell surface.

免疫系统使用主要组织相容性复合体或 MHC 分子与肽结合并将它们带到细胞表面。

These immune cells, called macrophages, are able to recognize the bacteria as a potential threat based on molecules the bacteria express on their cell surface.

这些被称为巨噬细胞的免疫细胞能够根据细菌在其细胞表面表达的分子来识别细菌是否是潜在的威胁。

Other immunosuppressants actually block T cells from getting into the brain by interfering with their cell surface molecules they use to gain passage through the blood brain barrier.

其它的免疫抑制剂通常阻断T淋巴细胞进入大脑，通过干扰它们用来通过血脑屏障的细胞表面蛋白。

Disabling the messengers of the gene that encodes a receptor protein called TGF beta-R2, which is found on cell surfaces, caused cells that had once been resistant to Xalkori to shrivel in its presence.

TGF beta-R2是一种存在于细胞表面的蛋白质受体，只要破坏编码这种受体DNA的信使RNA，就能消除细胞对Xalkori的抗药性。

HA is the viral equivalent of a grappling hook: it lets the virus latch onto a cell by binding to substances called sialic acids that are found in receptors on the cell's surface.

它通过抓住一种位于细胞表面受体中称作唾液酸的物质而使病毒与细胞相黏附。

An example is a mutated gene that produces a defective protein that causes the growth-factor receptor on a cell's surface to be constantly " on" when, in fact, no growth factor is present.

一个例子是突变基因，它产生一种有缺陷的蛋白质，导致细胞表面的生长因子受体持续激活，事实上没有增长因素存在。