By analyzing thousands of samples, the researchers were able to work out the pattern and order of these cell mutations.

通过分析数千个样本，研究人员能够得出这些细胞突变的模式和顺序。

Cancer cell mutations can lead to abnormal proteins.

癌细胞突变会导致蛋白质异常。

If that damage is severe enough, the cells mutations can lead to melanoma, a deadly cancer that forms in the skin's melanocytes.

当DNA受到严重破坏时，会使细胞突变导致黑色素瘤，一种由黑色素细胞形成的致命癌症。

By changing the shape of a person's red blood cells, the sickle cell mutation confers protection against malaria.

通过改变人体红细胞的形状，镰状细胞突变可以预防疟疾。

Almost always, the sickle cell mutation is a non-conservative missense mutation that results in the sixth amino acid of beta-globin being valine instead of glutamic acid.

镰状细胞突变几乎总是由于非保守区错义突变，导致β-珠蛋白的第6个氨基酸为缬氨酸，而非谷氨酸。

Researchers have been able to trace the origins of the sickle cell mutation to regions historically ravaged by a tropical disease called malaria.

研究人员已经能够将镰状细胞突变的起源追溯到历史上被称为疟疾的热带疾病肆虐的地区。