We could take those vesicles and add them back to a cell extract.

Rothman：我们可以将这些囊泡加入细胞提取物中。

It is thus possible to take a single cell, extract its mRNA, and measure the amount, if any, of each such transcript.

因此，可以提取单个细胞，提取其 mRNA，并测量每个此类转录物的数量（如果有的话）。

Somewhat similarly, in diabetic ketoacidosis, there are low levels of insulin, and although the exact mechanism is unclear, it reduces the amount of phosphate that cells extract from the blood, causing it again to build up in the blood.

类似地，在糖尿病酮症酸中毒中，胰岛素水平较低，尽管确切机制尚不清楚，它使细胞从血液中提取的磷酸盐量降低，使磷酸盐再次在血液中积累。