考迪罗（西班牙语：caudillo，西班牙语发音：[kawˈdiʎo]）在西班牙语中通常指军政领袖或专政元首。考迪罗起源于19世纪拉丁美洲，在原有的西班牙殖民中央统治权威崩溃后，拉丁美洲独立战争解放出来的新国家产生各种各样的独裁者。考迪罗或者自封的领导人，常领导一支私人军队，并试图在一地域进行政经控制后，再进攻薄弱的国家政府，如墨西哥的安东尼奥·洛佩斯·德·桑塔·安纳及阿根廷的胡安·曼努埃尔·德·罗萨斯。考迪罗主义亦被称为军阀独裁统治。

「以暴力攫取并靠暴力维持地主资产阶级统治的独裁军人」称为考迪罗，有时也称「掌握军事力量的独裁政客和向追随者播扬个人崇拜观念的政党领袖」

A caudillo (Spanish pronunciation: [kawˈdiʎo]; Old Spanish: cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head") was a military-landowner that possessed political power and exercised it in a form considered authoritarian by detractors. The term can be translated into English as leader or chief, or more pejoratively as warlord, dictator or strongman and has been used to refer to charismatic populist leaders. Caudillos were very influential in the history of Hispanic America and have a legacy that has influenced political movements in the modern day.