主教座堂（法语：cathédrale；拉丁语：cathedra；希腊语：καθέδρα (kathedra)），或称座堂，是指在主教制的基督教会（正教会、天主教、圣公宗，以及信义宗部份团体等）中，设有主教座位的教堂。

主教座堂是教区主教的正式驻地，因而被视为教区的中心，其建筑大多因此比堂区的教堂宏美。在苏格兰，有一些苏格兰国教会的教堂，在宗教改革后仍然被叫作座堂，尽管苏格兰国教会是一个没有主教的长老教会。由于主教座堂通常是所在地的重要地标，在中文环境中常被译为「大教堂」，例如著名的「科隆大教堂」，正确全名应是「科隆教区圣伯多禄暨圣母主教座堂」。

A cathedral (French: cathédrale from Latin: cathedra, "seat" from the Greek kathedra (καθέδρα), seat, bench, from kata "down" + hedra seat, base, chair) is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. The counterpart term for such a church in German is Dom from Latin domus ecclesiae or domus episcopalis; also Italian Duomo, Dutch Domkerk and cognates in many other European languages. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominations with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, and some Lutheran and Methodist churches. Church buildings embodying the functions of a cathedral first appear in Italy, Gaul, Spain and North Africa in the 4th century, but cathedrals did not become universal within the Western Catholic Church until the 12th century, by which time they had developed architectural forms, institutional structures and legal identities distinct from parish churches, monastic churches and episcopal residences.