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单词 Cartesian Dualism
释义

Cartesian Dualism

中文百科

二元论 (精神哲学) Dualism (philosophy of mind)

(重定向自Cartesian Dualism)

二元并存(Dualism)的理念是由希腊哲学家柏拉图所提出,认为人有两个世界,一个是灵魂所处的理性世界,另一个是身体所处的现实世界,认为身体上的感官所接触到的世界「并非是真实的世界」,唯有灵魂所处的世界才是「真实的世界」,因此感官的世界只是灵魂世界的影子。

这个观念并非只是纯粹的幻想,而是由当时所能运用的方法如内省法等,去验证得到的结论,而近来的临床研究,也发现脑中的感觉不同于感官所受到的刺激,因此二元论历来的研讨都有其意义与改变的理由,当中有错误的推论,也有正确的推论。例如就近来各种断肢患者所产生的幻肢痛研究,都证实了脑中的感觉不一定要由感官而来,而感官的刺激也不一定会影响到脑,因此早期大量论述灵魂与身体的议题,都是有其依据与意义,不能全盘否定其价值。

英语百科

Dualism (philosophy of mind) 二元论 (精神哲学)

(重定向自Cartesian Dualism)
René Descartes's illustration of dualism. Inputs are passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit.
Another one of Descartes' illustrations. The fire displaces the skin, which pulls a tiny thread, which opens a pore in the ventricle (F) allowing the
Cartesian dualism compared to three forms of monism.

In philosophy of mind, dualism is the position that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical, or that the mind and body are not identical. Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, and between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mind–body problem.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 22:15:13