This cartelization generated some efficiencies as smaller, less efficient refineries were closed down, but its principal effect was to reduce competition among refineries and increase their market power against the railroads.

这种卡特尔化导致了一些效率的提升，因为规模较小、效率较低的炼油厂被关闭，但其主要影响是减少了炼油厂之间的竞争，并增加了它们对铁路的市场影响力。