We now know that carnivory is actually common among hippos.

现在我们了解到河马中的肉食性非常普遍。

How and why does botanical  carnivory keep evolving?

植物食肉动物如何以及为何不断进化？

How and why does botanical carnivory keep evolving?

植物食肉动物如何以及为何 不断进化？

580 to more than 800 species, depending on what definition of carnivory you’re using.

580 种到 800 多种，具体取决于 您使用的肉食动物的定义。 除南极洲外。

Okay, so how botanical carnivory keeps popping up seems pretty well understood.

好的，植物食肉动物是如何不断 出现的似乎很好理解。

Okay, so how botanical carnivory keeps  popping up seems pretty well understood.

好吧，植物食肉动物是如何不断出现的似乎已经很清楚了。

But Thylacoleo had gone in the complete opposite direction on its journey to carnivory.

但袋狮在肉食性的旅程中却走上了完全相反的方向。

And in these kinds of habitats,   botanical carnivory represents an evolutionary trade-off - one that  comes with both costs and benefits.

在这些类型的栖息地中，植物食肉动物代表了一种进化的权衡——一种既有成本又有收益的权衡。

Because carnivory has actually  evolved independently at least nine times in plants -- and in plants that  aren't all that closely related to each other.

因为食肉动物实际上已经在植物中独立进化了至少九次——而且是在彼此并不密切相关的植物中。

That means botanical carnivory is  an example of convergent evolution, when organisms that aren't closely related  develop similar adaptations independently, in response to similar environmental pressures.

这意味着植物食肉动物是趋同进化的一个例子，当不密切相关的生物体独立发展相似的适应性时，以应对相似的环境压力。

Carnivory can only evolve in situations where  it benefits the plant more than investing in regular leaves, like in places where the  soil is lacking nitrogen and phosphorus.

食肉动物只能在对植物有益而不是投资于普通叶子的情况下进化，比如在土壤缺乏氮和磷的地方。

For example, a key genetic change in the  evolution of carnivory took place in a common ancestor of Venus flytraps and sundews  that lived about 60 million years ago.

例如，食肉动物进化过程中的一个关键遗传变化发生在生活在大约 6000 万年前的维纳斯捕蝇草和茅膏菜的共同祖先身上。

And there are actually a lot of plants alive today  that meet the criteria for carnivory - from about 580 to more than 800 species, depending on  what definition of carnivory you're using.

事实上， 今天有很多植物符合食肉动物的标准——从大约 580 种到 800 多种，具体取决于您使用的食肉动物定义。