鸟蛤科（学名：Cardiidae），亦作鸟尾蛤科，是软件动物门双壳纲帘蛤目中的一类，鸟蛤总科之下唯一的一个科。

本科单单是现存物种就已经有超过200个物种，而化石物种的数量更多。而根据《中国动物志•无脊椎动物》(第48卷，2012年)，本科尚可再分成下列五个亚科29个属。现时包括下列各属：

Fossil Cardiidae shells (Late Cretaceous, Alberta, Canada).

A cockle is a small, edible, saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc. Although many small edible bivalves are loosely called cockles, true cockles are species in the family Cardiidae. True cockles live in sandy, sheltered beaches throughout the world. The distinctive rounded shells are bilaterally symmetrical, and are heart-shaped when viewed from the end. Numerous radial evenly spaced ribs are a feature of the shell in most but not all genera (for an exception, see the genus Laevicardium, the egg cockles, which have very smooth shells).