Since the circulatory system is a closed loop, cardiac output and venous return are equal.

由于循环系统是闭环，心输出量和静脉回流血量是相等的。

And again, just like with neural controls, these hormonal controls work by changing vessel resistance and cardiac output.

同样，就像神经控制一样，这些荷尔蒙控制通过改变血管阻力和心输出量来工作。

In theory, this means that any change in resistance or cardiac output would also change blood pressure.

理论上，这意味着任何阻力或心输出量的变化也会改变血压。

So, with a little algebraic rearranging, you can see that blood pressure equals blood flow, or cardiac output, times resistance.

通过一些代数的重新排列，你可以看到血压等于血流量，或者心输出量，乘以阻力。

Because of this the kidneys get about a quarter of the cardiac output which is blood getting pumped out of the left ventricle.

因此，肾血流量约占心输出量（左心室输出量）的1/4。

We previously learned that cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle.

我们先前了解到，心输出量是每个心室每分钟泵出的血液量。

Therefore, we see that the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, which increases cardiac output.

因此，我们看到交感神经系统会增加心率，从而增加心输出量。

There are three important factors that affect mean arterial pressure: cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume.

心输出量，总外周阻力和血容量。

We also see that the parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate, which decreases cardiac output.

我们还看到副交感神经系统降低了心率，从而降低了心输出量。

This is also called cardiac output, and it's determined by the blood volume pumped during one beat, and the number of beats per minute.

这也被称为心输出量，它是由一次跳动中泵出的血量决定的，每分钟跳动的次数。