And to do that, we need a carbon price.

而要做这个，我们需要付出碳。

Some may actually do really well with different carbon prices.

在碳价不同的情况下，有一些真菌会发展良好。

Others will hedge by buying extra allowances when carbon prices are low, as power companies now do routinely.

其他公司则会在碳价格较低时购买额外配额来避免损失，就像电力公司现在经常做的那样。

Carbon prices have been far too low to motivate change that's needed to decarbonise the world economy.

碳价太低，无法激发世界经济脱碳所需的变革。

Carbon prices in other markets are also rising as regulators look at ways to make them more effective.

其他市场的碳价格也在上涨，因为监管机构正在寻找提高效率的方法。

The spread of carbon prices is happening in three ways.

碳价格的扩散通过三种方式发生。

That is much less than $600 and not a world away from the EU's carbon price.

这远低于 600 美元，与欧盟的碳价格相去甚远。

A reasonable carbon price like the EU's current one may just about make CCS viable.

像欧盟目前的合理碳价可能会让 CCS 变得可行。

Now in theory, regulators enforce carbon prices and permits, but in practice, it can be very challenging.

现在理论上，监管机构强制执行碳价格和许可，但在实践中，这可能非常具有挑战性。

Partly as a result, carbon prices in the EU are now hitting record highs of over €60 per tonne.

部分结果是，欧盟的碳价格现在创下每吨 60 欧元以上的历史新高。

Despite the absence of a carbon price, American firms also face incentives to monitor emissions.

尽管没有碳价格，美国公司也面临着监测排放的激励措施。

Yet, remarkably, the rest of the world is beginning to look more European—with carbon prices spreading in countries both rich and poor.

然而，值得注意的是，世界其他地区开始变得更加欧洲化——碳价格在富裕国家和贫穷国家中蔓延。

Since it does not have a domestic carbon price, such a policy would break the World Trade Organisation's rules.

由于它没有国内碳价格，这样的政策将违反世界贸易组织的规则。

They find, in line with earlier research, that relying on subsidies to green an economy entails large costs compared with a carbon price.

他们发现，与之前的研究一致，与碳价格相比， 依靠补贴来促进绿色经济需要付出巨大的成本。

Europe is introducing tougher emissions targets, carbon prices are rising and consumers are showing a greater willingness to pay more for greener products.

欧洲正在引入更严格的排放目标，碳价格正在上涨，消费者更愿意为更环保的产品支付更多费用。

Australia, which scrapped its original carbon price in 2014, has reformed a previously toothless scheme known as the " safeguard mechanism" .

澳大利亚于2014年取消了原来的碳价格，并改革了此前毫无效力的“保障机制”计划。

Once an industry is subject to a carbon price, affected businesses will naturally want their competitors to face the same rules.

一旦一个行业受到碳价格的约束，受影响的企业自然会希望其竞争对手也面临同样的规则。

But the key is the introduction of carbon prices which embed market signals into millions of everyday commercial decisions and give entrepreneurs and investors more visibility over a long-term horizon.

但关键是碳价格的引入，它将市场信号纳入数百万日常商业决策中，给予企业家和投资者更长远的视野。

Before CBAM's introduction, Europe's carbon price meant that domestic industries faced an extra cost compared with those in countries with less ambitious decarbonisation plans.

在CBAM推出之前，欧洲的碳价格意味着与脱碳计划不那么雄心勃勃的国家相比，国内工业面临额外的成本。

In 2018 the average price in the " voluntary market" (outside of mandated schemes) was $3 per tonne of CO2, about a sixth of the carbon price in the EU emissions-trading scheme.

2018年，“自愿市场”（强制性计划之外）的平均价格为每吨二氧化碳3美元，约为欧盟排放交易计划中碳价格的六分之一。