网站首页  英汉词典

请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 Carbonhydrate
释义

Carbonhydrate

中文百科

糖类 Carbohydrate

(重定向自Carbonhydrate)
乳糖是在牛奶中发现的-zh-hant:糖; zh-hans:糖-。它由一个D-半乳糖分子和一个D-葡萄糖分子通过β-1-4糖苷键键合构成。它有分子式C12H22O11.
糖的结晶
D-葡萄糖是一种己醛糖,分子式为:(C·H2O)6。图中红色的部分是醛基,蓝色的部分是距离醛基最远的非对称中心;因为最下面那个羟基是在费歇尔投影式的右方所以这是D-葡萄糖





葡萄糖的α-与β-(后者)异头物。需注意结合在碳5上的CH2OH基团与异头碳上的羟基(红色或绿色)之间的空间关系:两者异面为(α)型,同面则为(β)型。

糖类,又称碳水化合物德语:KohlenhydratSaccharid英语:carbohydratesaccharide法语:glucide),是多羟基醛或多羟基酮及其缩聚物和某些衍生物的总称,一般由碳、氢与氧三种元素所组成,广布于自然界。糖类的另一个名称为“碳水化合物”,其由来是根据生物化学家先前发现一类物质可写成经验分子式:Cn(H2O)n,其氢与氧元素的比例始终为2:1,故以为糖类是碳和水的化合物;但后来的发现证明了许多糖类并不符合上述分子式,如:鼠李糖(C6H12O5);而有些物质符合上述分子式却不是糖类,如甲醛(CH2O)等。糖类为人体之重要的营养素,主要分成四大类:单糖、双糖、寡糖和多糖。在一般情况下,单糖和双糖是较小的(低分子量)的碳水化合物,通常称为糖。例如,葡萄糖是单糖,蔗糖是双糖和乳糖是双糖(见图标)。

英语百科

Carbohydrate 糖类

(重定向自Carbonhydrate)
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. It has a formula of C12H22O11.
D-glucose is an aldohexose with the formula (C·H2O)6. The red atoms highlight the aldehyde group and the blue atoms highlight the asymmetric center furthest from the aldehyde; because this -OH is on the right of the Fischer projection, this is a D sugar.





The α and β anomers of glucose. Note the position of the hydroxyl group (red or green) on the anomeric carbon relative to the CH2OH group bound to carbon 5: they either have identical absolute configurations (R,R or S,S) (α), or opposite absolute configurations (R,S or S,R) (β).[14]

A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

随便看

 

英汉网英语在线翻译词典收录了3779314条英语词汇在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2024 encnc.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/6/17 18:42:57