Plastic is made out of long, carbon chains.

塑料由长的碳链组成。

Ethers have just one oxygen all alone in the middle of that carbon chain.

醚在该碳链的中间只有一个氧。

So this is considered an octane with two carbon chain attached to one of its carbon atoms.

因此，这被认为是一种辛烷， 其中一个碳原子连接有两个碳链。

Step 1: how long is the carbon chain?

第一步：碳链有多长？

So it starts with but-, so it has to be a 4 carbon chain.

所以它以 but- 开头，所以它必须是一个 4 碳链。

So yeah, when we have a carbonyl in the middle of a carbon chain, that is a ketone functional group.

所以是的，当我们在碳链中间有一个羰基时， 那就是酮官能团。

Well, start with the three carbon chain, because of that prop, and count out the carbons, 1-2-3.

好吧，从三碳链开始， 因为那个支柱，数出碳，1-2-3。

The longest carbon chain is just 3 carbons long, so it's propane with one methyl group sticking off of it.

最长的碳链只有 3 个碳， 所以它是丙烷， 上面有一个甲基。

The only tricky thing here is to make sure you find the longest carbon chain.

这里唯一棘手的事情是确保找到最长的碳链。

To combat that, racers use a softer wax made up of more fluorocarbons, short carbon chains containing fluorine, which repel water better.

为了解决这个问题， 赛车手使用由更多碳氟化合物组成的更软的蜡， 即含氟的短碳链，可以更好地防水。

Can you build it? Well, start with the three carbon chain, because of that prop, and count out the carbons, 1-2-3.

你能建造它吗？ 好吧，从三碳链开始， 因为那个支柱， 数出碳，1-2-3。

So now that you know your longest carbon chain, you’ve got your prefix, time to figure out the suffix.

所以现在你知道了你最长的碳链， 你有了你的前缀， 是时候找出后缀了。

If the carbon is in a saturated carbon chain, two of those things will be other carbons-- unless it’s the end of the chain.

如果碳在饱和碳链中，那么其中两个将是其他碳——除非它是链的末端。

Seemingly trivial changes in the structure of a carbon chain can completely change the chemistry of the molecule, including the chemistry of what happens when you ingest it.

碳链结构中看似微不足道的变化可以完全改变分子的化学性质，包括当你摄入它时发生的化学反应。

For instance, the main carbon chain, the longest one, is numbered in such a way that the various components, including the double bond, have the lowest numbers possible.

例如，最长的主碳链的编号方式是使包括双键在内的各种成分的编号尽可能小。

Not terminal in that it will kill you, though ethanol can kill you, and other alcohols like methanol absolutely WILL kill you, but terminal in that it ends a carbon chain.

不是终结，因为它会杀死你， 尽管乙醇可以杀死你，而其他酒精如甲醇绝对会杀死你， 但终结是因为它结束了碳链。

We should stick a cis in front of the name because the carbon chain continues on the same side, not the opposite side as it would be in the trans form.

我们应该在名称前加上顺式，因为碳链在同一侧继续，而不是反式形式的相反侧。

The most weighted of all is the carboxylic acid functional group, so no matter what else is on a six carbon chain, if there's a carboxylic acid, then it's a hexanoic acid.

最重要的是羧酸官能团，所以无论六碳链上还有什么， 如果有羧酸， 那么它就是己酸。

When shorter carbon chains are attached to longer ones like this, they're still named using the same prefixes, but we stuff a little -yl onto the end to show that they're just attachments.

当较短的碳链像这样连接到较长的碳链上时， 它们仍然使用相同的前缀命名，但我们在末尾加了一点 -yl 以表明它们只是附件。

If this is what the carbon chain looks like with a bunch of carbon atoms, each bonded to two carbons and two hydrogens, that is a saturated fat, which tend to be solid and are mostly made by animals...though also coconuts.

如果这条碳键看上去是一连串的碳原子，每根碳键连接两个碳和两个氢，那就是一个饱和的脂肪分子，脂肪分子往往是固体，而且大多存在于动物身上......还有椰子。