佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德·拉·巴尔卡（西班牙文：Pedro Calderón de la Barca，1600年1月17日－1681年5月25日），西班牙军事家、作家、诗人、戏剧家，西班牙文学黄金时期的重要人物。代表作品为剧作《人生如梦》。

Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño, usually referred as Pedro Calderón de la Barca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo kaldeˈɾon de la ˈβarka]; 17 January 1600 –25 May 1681), was a dramatist, poet and writer of the Spanish Golden Age. During certain periods of his life he was also a soldier and a Roman Catholic priest. Born when the Spanish Golden Age theatre was being defined by Lope de Vega, he developed it further, his work being regarded as the culmination of the Spanish Baroque theatre. As such, he is regarded as one of Spain's foremost dramatists and one of the finest playwrights of world literature.