杓兰属（学名：Cypripedium）是兰科的一属，是一类地生草本植物。茎直立，叶片通常椭圆形至卵形，有时有黑紫色斑点。花序顶生，通常具单花或少数具2-3花；花苞片通常叶状；花朵较大；唇瓣为深囊状，球形、椭圆形或其他形状，一般有宽阔的囊口；有2枚侧生的能育雄蕊、1枚位于上方的退化雄蕊和1个位于下方的柱头；花药2室，花丝很短；退化雄蕊通常为扁平状；柱头肥厚，表面有乳突。果实为蒴果。全属约50种，主要产于东亚、北美、欧洲等温带地区和亚热带山地。大部分可作观赏植物 。

Cypripedium is a genus of 58 species and nothospecies of hardy orchids; it is one of five genera that together compose the subfamily of lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae). They are widespread across much of the Northern Hemisphere, including most of Europe (one species), Russia, China, Central Asia, Canada the United States, Mexico, and Central America. They are most commonly known as slipper orchids or lady's slipper orchids; other common names include moccasin flower, camel's foot, squirrel foot, steeple cap, Venus' shoes, and whippoorwill shoe. An abbreviation used in trade journals is "Cyp." The word "Cypripedium" is derived from the Late Latin: Cypris, from Ancient Greek: Κυπρις (Kypris), an early reference in Greek myth to Aphrodite, and Greek: pedilon, meaning "sandal".