葫芦（学名：Lagenaria siceraria），别称蒲瓜、扁蒲、瓠瓜、瓠子、蒲仔、匏仔等，是属于葫芦科葫芦属的一种植物，它是爬藤植物，其果实也被称为葫芦。

《历史》 葫芦是人类最早种植的植物之一，用作容器。估计它来源于非洲，在今天的墨西哥、秘鲁和泰国均有数千年的被种植的葫芦被发现。在埃及葫芦被作为陪葬品。在中国河南考古遗址出土的葫芦皮最早的是七至八千年前的。河姆渡文化遗址中发现的葫芦子也有七千年的历史了，有些学者怀疑在甲骨文中就已经有指葫芦的字了（卣）。中国最早将葫芦称为瓠、匏和壶。在《诗经》、《论语》中均有提到葫芦。一个例子是《诗经·豳风·七月》中的“七月食瓜，八月断壶”。

The calabash, bottle gourd, or white-flowered gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (synonym Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.), also known as opo squash (from Tagalog: upo) or long melon, is a vine grown for its fruit, which can either be harvested young and used as a vegetable, or harvested mature, dried, and used as a bottle, utensil, or pipe. The fresh fruit has a light-green smooth skin and a white flesh. Rounder varieties are called calabash gourds. They grow in a variety of shapes: they can be huge and rounded, small and bottle shaped, or slim and serpentine, more than a metre long. Because bottle gourds are also called "calabashes", they are sometimes confused with the hard, hollow fruits of the unrelated calabash tree, Crescentia cujete, whose fruits are also used to make utensils, containers, and musical instruments. The gourd was one of the first cultivated plants in the world, grown not primarily for food, but for use as water containers. The bottle gourd may have been carried from Africa to Asia, Europe, and the Americas in the course of human migration, or by seeds floating across the oceans inside the gourd. It has been proven to be in the New World prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus.