开罗大学（阿拉伯语：جامعة القاهرة‎），前身是埃及大学。正式成立于1908年12月21日，是埃及和整个阿拉伯世界最古老的高等教育机构之一。

作为一个在19世纪开始的埃及民族主义运动的主要的分支，一些埃及的国家领导人，启蒙运动的先驱和社会思想家呼吁创建超越宗教领域的学科进行教学（如爱资哈尔大学）的埃及大学。

在20世纪初一些埃及的社会思想家例如穆罕穆德·阿布杜胡（英语： Muhammad Abduh ），穆斯塔法·卡米勒（英语： Mustafa Kamil ），穆罕穆德法·法理德（英语： Mohammed Farid），卡西姆·艾敏（英语：Qasim Amin）和萨阿德·宰赫鲁里（英语：Saad Zaghloul）呼吁创建成为自由主义思想的灯塔、在各个知识领域的和基础综合性学术起到复兴的作用的埃及大学，以便能够应对与国际科学界和学术界的进步。

Cairo University (previously known as the Egyptian University 1908–1940, then King Fuad I University 1940–1952) is Egypt's premier public university with its main campus in Giza, immediately across the Nile from Cairo. It was founded on 21 December 1908; however, after being originally housed in various parts of Cairo, its faculties, beginning with the Faculty of Arts, were established on its current main campus in Giza only in October 1929. It is the second oldest institution of higher education in Egypt after Al Azhar University, notwithstanding the pre-existing higher professional schools that later became constituent colleges of the university. It was originally founded and funded as the Egyptian University by a committee of private citizens with royal patronage in 1908 and became a state institution under King Fuad I in 1925. In 1940, four years following his death, the University was renamed King Fuad I University in his honor. It was renamed a second time after the Free Officer’s Coup of 1952. The University currently enrolls approximately 155,000 students in 22 faculties. It counts three Nobel Laureates among its graduates and is one of the 50 largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrollment.