镉中毒（英语：Cadmium poisoning）是指过量摄入重金属化学元素镉造成的中毒性疾病，可造成肾、骨骼、肺等多种器官病变。

镉是ⅡB族亲硫重金属元素，在自然界中的镉非常稀有，常常和同族的锌元素共存于硫化物中。其广泛应用于电镀、电池、染料等工业中，因此，通过相关行业的生产、废弃物等环节污染空气、水、土壤。

Cadmium is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial workplaces. Due to its low permissible exposure limit, overexposures may occur even in situations where trace quantities of cadmium are found. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although the nature of the operation does not generally lead to overexposures. Cadmium is also found in some industrial paints and may represent a hazard when sprayed. Operations involving removal of cadmium paints by scraping or blasting may pose a significant hazard. Cadmium is also present in the manufacturing of some types of batteries. Exposures to cadmium are addressed in specific standards for the general industry, shipyard employment, construction industry, and the agricultural industry.