举证责任又可称提供证据的责任（英文：Burden of proof）是在证据法中有多义且模糊的概念，此责任通常取决于相关实体法律的规定，法庭采纳的推定及规则可能在不同情境下移转举证责任。

对于举证责任问题归属为进程问题还是实质问题，存有分岐：一般大陆法系国家把举证责任定于实体法（如民法典），而普通法系国家则常把举证责任当成进程法问题，然而英美普通法的司法实践，特别是在当事人双方因证据矛盾都无法说服陪审团时，举证责任就成实体法问题，因为举证责任落在哪一方会对案件结局有决定性影响。

The burden of proof (Latin:onus probandi) in the United States is the imperative on a party in a trial to produce the evidence that will shift the conclusion away from the default position to one's own position.

The burden of proof is often associated with the Latin maxim semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit, the best translation of which in this context is: "the necessity of proof always lies with the person who lays charges."