在计算机科学中，B树（英语：B-tree）是一种自平衡的树，能够保持数据有序。这种数据结构能够让查找数据、顺序访问、插入数据及删除的动作，都在对数时间内完成。B树，概括来说是一个一般化的二元搜索树（binary search tree），可以拥有多于2个子节点。与自平衡二叉查找树不同，B树为系统大块数据的读写操作做了优化。B树减少定位记录时所经历的中间过程，从而加快访问速度。B树这种数据结构可以用来描述外部存储。这种数据结构常被应用在数据库和文档系统的实作上。

In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree is a generalization of a binary search tree in that a node can have more than two children (Comer 1979, p. 123). Unlike self-balancing binary search trees, the B-tree is optimized for systems that read and write large blocks of data. B-trees are a good example of a data structure for external memory. It is commonly used in databases and filesystems.