急性骨髓性白血病（Acute myeloid leukemia，AML），是一种骨髓性造血芽细胞（而非淋巴性芽细胞）异常增殖的血液恶性肿瘤，是白血病的一种。其特点是骨髓内异常芽细胞的快速增殖而影响了正常造血细胞的产生。急性骨髓性白血病是成年人最常见的急性白血病，其发病率随着人的年龄而增加。相对于其他的癌症，急性骨髓性白血病还是比较罕见的疾病，在美国约占因癌症而死亡的人数的1.2%。在**西元1979~2003年的疾病统计中，急性骨髓性白血病的发生率约占**人口的十万分之一。 急性骨髓性白血病可以是原发性的(de novo)，也可能是因为放射线暴露、致癌化学药物暴露造成。或曾经有其他血液疾病，如骨髓化生不良症候群(myelodysplastic syndrome)、骨髓增生性疾病(myeloproliferative disorder)演变而成，称为续发性急性骨髓性白血病。另一方面有些人曾经因为其他癌症，如乳癌、淋巴癌接受化学治疗、放射线治疗。数年到数十年之后，部份患者造成可能和之前化学治疗、放射线治疗有关的急性骨髓性白血病，称为治疗有关的急性骨髓性白血病(therapy-related AML)。

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its incidence increases with age. Although AML is a relatively rare disease, accounting for roughly 1.2% of cancer deaths in the United States, its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages.