棕色遁蛛（拉丁文学名：Loxosceles reclusa，英语：Brown recluse spider），也译为褐色隐蛛，又称提琴蜘蛛（violin spider）、提琴背蜘蛛（fiddleback spider），棕色提琴蜘蛛（brown fiddler），属于丝蛛科（Sicariidae），是一种著名的有毒蜘蛛，生活于北美洲南部。

身长约6-20公厘之间，但也有可能长得更大。

The brown recluse, Loxosceles reclusa, Sicariidae (formerly placed in a family "Loxoscelidae") is a spider with a necrotic venom and is one of two spiders (the other being the black widow) with medically significant venom in North America.

Brown recluse spiders are usually between 6 and 20 millimetres (0.24 and 0.79 in), but may grow larger. While typically light to medium brown, they range in color from whitish to dark brown or blackish gray. The cephalothorax and abdomen are not necessarily the same color. These spiders usually have markings on the dorsal side of their cephalothorax, with a black line coming from it that looks like a violin with the neck of the violin pointing to the rear of the spider, resulting in the nicknames fiddleback spider, brown fiddler, or violin spider.