英国文学或不列颠文学（British literature）是指英国的文学作品。历史上，英国在不同时期包括了英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰、曼岛和海峡群岛等地，所以英国文学除英语作品之外，也涵盖了多种语言的文学。而English literature这个概念虽有“英格兰文学”的意思，但通常是指英语文学，包括了历史上来自爱尔兰、印度、澳大利亚等地使用英语写作的作家创作的作品。英国文学和英语文学之间重叠的部分很多，但彼此并不相同；苏格兰文学、威尔士文学也一般算作独立的重要学科。通常提到英国文学时，大部分人首先想到的是英格兰的英语文学。一般认为，莎士比亚的戏剧是英国文学中最优秀的作品，也是最经常被引用的作品。

British literature refers to literature associated with the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. This includes literatures from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. By far the largest part of British literature has been written in the English language, with English literature developing into a global phenomenon, because of its use in the former colonies of Britain. In addition the story of British literature involves writings in Anglo-Norman, Anglo-Saxon, Cornish, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Latin, Manx, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and other languages. Literature in Northern Ireland includes writings in English, Irish and Ulster Scots. Irish writers have played an important part in the development of literature in England and Scotland, but though the whole of Ireland was politically part of the United Kingdom between January 1801 and December 1922, it is controversial to describe Irish literature as British. For some this includes works by authors from Northern Ireland.