短颖草属（学名：Brachyelytrum）是禾本科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物。该属仅有短颖草（Brachyelytrum erectum）一种，分布于北美东部和东亚。

Brachyelytrum is a genus of North American and East Asian plants in the grass family, classified in its own tribe Brachyelytreae.

Molecular phylogenetic study has indicated that Brachyelytrum is the earliest diverging lineage in the subfamily Pooideae (the cool season grasses), a lineage that includes many of the world's major cereal crops such as barley, wheat, and oats.