This process of booms and busts is called the business cycle.

这种繁荣、萧条的过程被称为经济周期。

The National Bureau of Economic Research is the arbiter of America's economic booms and busts.

国家经济研究局是美国经济繁荣和衰退的仲裁者。

It also avoided the property booms and busts that ravaged Spain and Ireland.

房地产市场一涨一落间重创西班牙和爱尔兰，意大利也成功地避开了这一灾难。

And for my whole life, I had lived in a city that boomed and busted with the oil prices.

在我的一生中，我一直生活在一个随着石油价格的上涨而崩溃的城市。

In the 1630s, Holland saw a market boom and bust centered on what flower: Rose, Tulip, Lotus or Poppy?

在17世纪30年代，荷兰的市场繁荣和萧条都集中在哪种花上: 玫瑰、郁金香、荷花还是罂粟？

Farmers tear out their vines in frustration, until the price climbs again, creating a vicious cycle of vanilla boom and bust.

农民们便失望地拔掉了他们的香草藤，直到价格再次攀升才开始重新种植，继而催生出了一个香草一时繁荣一时萧条的恶性循环。

And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.

然而，如果认为我们现在只是在经历繁荣和萧条周期的痛苦一面，那将是错误的。

It's a story of boom and bust, and then boom again.

这是一个繁荣与萧条， 然后再次繁荣的故事。

The economy will continue to go through phases of booms and busts.

经济将继续经历繁荣和萧条的阶段。

And she's seen this boom and bust play out many, many times.

她已经多次看到这种繁荣与萧条的上演。

This whole process is referred to, slightly informally, as the boom and bust cycle.

整个过程被略微非正式地称为繁荣和萧条周期。

So Ghana sometimes has this cycle of not necessarily boom and bust, but like very topsy turvy economic cycles.

所以加纳有时会有这种周期， 不一定是繁荣和萧条，而是非常颠倒的经济周期。

For citizens of South America’s second-largest country, this boom and bust cycle is a situation that is all too familiar.

对于这个南美洲第二大国家的公民来说，这种繁荣与萧条的循环再熟悉不过了。

Aside from a few rapid booms and busts, China's main stock indices have hardly gained in value over the past decade.

除了一些快速的繁荣和萧条之外，中国主要股票指数在过去十年中几乎没有上涨。

He pledges to pour revenues into a national fund that will smooth the impact of oil booms and busts on Scotland's economy, and give it cash to invest.

他承诺将收入归入国家基金，这将会缓和石油快速发展的影响和对苏荷兰经济的冲击，并且会给投资以资金支持。

This ultimately means that Wyoming is significantly more susceptible than Colorado is to boom and bust cycles and shocks in the global prices for minerals, coal, oil, gas, and agricultural products.

这最终意味着怀俄明州比科罗拉多州更容易受到全球矿产、煤炭、石油、天然气和农产品价格涨跌周期和冲击的影响。

But there is little that ministers can do. The chip drought is the result of the covid-19 pandemic interacting with an industry that is notoriously prone to cycles of boom and bust.

但部长们对此也束手无策。这次芯片短缺是新冠疫情和一个以兴衰周期闻名的行业相互作用的结果。

Voles and lemmings are also heavily consumed  when available, but these species go through boom and bust periods, and are usually  only readily available every 3 to 4 years.

如果有田鼠和旅鼠，它们也会被大量食用，但这些物种会经历繁荣和萧条时期，通常每 3 到 4 年才会出现一次。

This is always a boom and bust industry because inventory builds up in the good times and then as soon as things become uncertain, the customers stop buying and run down their inventory.

这始终是一个繁荣与萧条的行业， 因为在繁荣时期库存会增加， 一旦情况变得不确定，客户就会停止购买并减少库存。