骨塑型蛋白（Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, 缩写为BMPs）为转化生长因子-β（Transforming growth factor beta，TGF-β；一种在许多组织中都可以发现的活化因子）的一类。最初会因此命名，是因为其可以诱发异位性的骨头生成，随后发现其与细胞的增殖以及分化、细胞凋亡、形态发生时的细胞传讯……等细胞发育有直接或间接的关系，其中对于眼睛的发育更是有重要的影响。由于其对于发育的重要影响性，故若骨塑型蛋白的来源基因发生突变，将会造成Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome（一种眼睛相关的疾病）、眼压提高、青光眼或前端体节畸形。

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Originally discovered by their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body. The important functioning of BMP signals in physiology is emphasized by the multitude of roles for dysregulated BMP signalling in pathological processes. Cancerous disease often involves misregulation of the BMP signalling system. Absence of BMP signalling is, for instance, an important factor in the progression of colon cancer, and conversely, overactivation of BMP signalling following reflux-induced esophagitis provokes Barrett's esophagus and is thus instrumental in the development of adenocarcinoma in the proximal portion of the gastrointestinal tract.