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单词 Bohr atom
释义

Bohr atom

中文百科

玻尔模型 Bohr model

(重定向自Bohr atom)
丹麦物理学家尼尔斯·玻尔(1885—1962)
玻尔模型的简单示意图。

玻尔模型是丹麦物理学家尼尔斯·玻尔于1913年提出的关于氢原子结构的模型。玻尔模型引入量子化的概念,使用经典力学研究原子内电子的运动,很好地解释了氢原子光谱和元素周期表,取得了巨大的成功。玻尔模型是20世纪初期物理学取得的重要成就,对原子物理学产生了深远的影响。

英语百科

Bohr model 玻尔模型

(重定向自Bohr atom)
The Rutherford–Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jump between orbits is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν).[1]  The orbits in which the electron may travel are shown as grey circles; their radius increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number.  The 3 → 2 transition depicted here produces the first line of the Balmer series, and for hydrogen (Z = 1) it results in a photon of wavelength 656 nm (red light).
Bohr model showing maximum electrons per shell with shells labeled in X-ray notation
Models depicting electron energy levels in hydrogen, helium, lithium, and neon
Elliptical orbits with the same energy and quantized angular momentum

In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleussimilar in structure to the solar system, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the Rutherford–Bohr model or just Bohr model for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it. The Bohr model has been superseded, but the quantum theory remains sound.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 1:11:28