激活产物（Activation products）又称为活化产物，是经中子活化后变得具有放射性的物质，比如核反应堆和原子弹中的结构材料，反应堆的冷却剂，控制棒以及其他中子毒物。这些活化产物必须作为核废料处理。反应堆主冷却剂环路中活化产物的产生是核电站通常使用一系列并联冷却剂环路的主要原因。

聚变反应器中产生的聚变产物，比如氦-4，不具有放射性。但聚变反应会产生很高的中子通量，因此而生成的活化产物是一个主要问题。

活化产物中主要核素包括：

Activation products are materials made radioactive by neutron activation.

Fission products and actinides produced by neutron absorption of nuclear fuel itself are normally referred to by those specific names, and activation product reserved for products of neutron capture by other materials, such as structural components of the nuclear reactor or nuclear bomb, the reactor coolant, control rods or other neutron poisons, or materials in the environment. All of these, however, need to be handled as radioactive waste. Some nuclides originate in more than one way, as activation products or fission products.