约翰·弗里德里希·布卢门巴赫（Johann Friedrich Blumenbach，1752年5月11日－1840年2月22日）是一位德国医学家、生理学家、人类学家。他是首先把人类当做自然史研究对象的人之一，他用比较解剖学的方法，将人类种族分为五类（蒙古人种、尼格罗人种、高加索人种、马来人种、印第安人种）。

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He was one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect of natural history. His teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to the classification of what he called human races, of which he determined there to be five.