在数学的矩阵理论中，一个分块矩阵或是分段矩阵就是将矩阵分割出较小的矩形矩阵，这些较小的矩阵就称为区块。换个方式来说，就是以较小的矩阵组合成一个矩阵。分块矩阵的分割原则是以水平线和垂直线进行划分。分块矩阵中，位在同一行（列）的每一个子矩阵，都拥有相同的列数（行数）。

通过将大的矩阵通过分块的方式划分，并将每个分块看做另一个矩阵的元素，这样之后再参与运算，通常可以让计算变得清晰甚至得以大幅简化。例如，有的大矩阵可以通过分块变为对角矩阵或者是三角矩阵等特殊形式的矩阵。

In mathematics, a block matrix or a partitioned matrix is a matrix which is interpreted as having been broken into sections called blocks or submatrices. Intuitively, a matrix interpreted as a block matrix can be visualized as the original matrix with a collection of horizontal and vertical lines which break it out, or partition it, into a collection of smaller matrices. Any matrix may be interpreted as a block matrix in one or more ways, with each interpretation defined by how its rows and columns are partitioned.