德国蟑螂（学名Blattella germanica），又叫德国姬蠊，是蟑螂的种类之一，身长多为1.0到1.6厘米，比美国蟑螂小，背部呈浅棕色及拥有两条由头部至翅膀末端的直纹，飞行距离并不远。

这种蟑螂是最常见的家居蟑螂之一，在全球不少有人居住的地方均有机会找到，但在寒冷的地区则较少。人工养殖只需要2个月即可繁殖一个时代，成虫寿命约为200天。

德国蟑螂很容易在建筑物里扎根，建造巢穴，且繁殖速度快，每个卵囊可孵出多只若虫，这些若虫由出生至交配期的所需时间短暂，因此人们难以将之彻底驱除。另外雌性德国蟑螂在产卵期间不会即时把卵囊排出，而是留在体内孵化一段时间，使人们不会发现牠们的卵囊，而将之清除。此外牠们的身型也比其他品种的小，可躲在狭窄的缝隙中，从而避过人们的攻击。除人们家中饲养的宠物外，这种蟑螂在人类居住地方，其自然天敌非常少。

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a small species of cockroach, typically about 1.1 to 1.6 cm (0.43 to 0.63 in) long. In colour it varies from tan to almost black, and it has two dark, roughly parallel, streaks on the pronotum running anteroposteriorly from behind the head to the base of the wings. Although Blattella germanica has wings, it can barely fly, although it may glide when disturbed. Of the few species of cockroach that are domestic pests, it probably is the most widely troublesome example. It is very closely related to the Asian cockroach, and to the casual observer the two appear nearly identical and may be mistaken for each other. However, the Asian cockroach is attracted to light and can fly rather like a moth, while the German cockroach cannot.