黑洞（英文：Black hole）是根据广义相对论所推论、在宇宙空间中存在的一种质量相当大的天体和星体（并非是一般生活认知的「洞」概念）。黑洞是由质量足够大的恒星在核聚变反应的燃料耗尽后，发生引力坍缩而形成。黑洞的质量是如此之大，它产生的引力场是如此之强，以致于大量可测物质和辐射都无法逃逸，就连传播速度极快的光子也逃逸不出来。由于类似热力学上完全不反射光线的黑体，故名黑洞。在黑洞的周围，是一个无法侦测的事件视界，标志着无法返回的临界点。

当星体发生超新星爆炸时，中子之间强烈的互相排斥力量无法抵挡外界推挤力量，将中子星挤压成更高密度状态，同时在没有其他力量足以抵挡如此强大压力的情况下，整个星球会不断地缩小，最终形成「黑洞」。直至目前为止，质量最小的黑洞大约有3.8倍太阳质量。

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—including particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon. Although crossing the event horizon has enormous effect on the fate of the object crossing it, it appears to have no locally detectable features. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, making it essentially impossible to observe.