黑足鼬（学名：Mustela nigripes），是一种原产于北美洲的小型食肉性哺乳动物和唯一原产于北美地区的雪貂，亦是俄国草原臭鼬的近亲。鼬科。同科物种有：黄鼬（黄鼠狼）、水貂、臭貂、貂属和獾亚科。牠与被驯化的白鼬或蒙眼貂外型非常相似，常被别人混淆。

黑足鼬是北美著名的濒危物种。

1937年，加拿大野生黑足鼬灭绝。1967年在美国被列为濒危物种。

2008年美国网站《生活科学》评出黑足鼬为全球十大最濒危的稀有动物物种之一。

The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), also known as the American polecat or prairie dog hunter, is a species of mustelid native to central North America. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN, because of its very small and restricted populations. First discovered by Audubon and Bachman in 1851, the species declined throughout the 20th century, primarily as a result of decreases in prairie dog populations and sylvatic plague. It was declared extinct in 1979 until Lucille Hogg's dog brought a dead black-footed ferret to her door in Meeteetse, Wyoming in 1981. That remnant population of a few dozen ferrets lasted there until the animals were considered extinct in the wild in 1987. However, a captive breeding program launched by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service resulted in its reintroduction into eight western states and Mexico from 1991–2008. There are now over 1,000 mature, wild-born individuals in the wild across 18 populations, with four self-sustaining populations in South Dakota (two), Arizona and Wyoming.