绝对零度（absolute zero）是热力学的最低温度，是粒子动能低到量子力学最低点时物质的温度。绝对零度是仅存于理论的下限值，其热力学温标写成K，等于摄氏温标零下273.15度（−273.15℃）。

物质的温度取决于其内原子、分子等粒子的动能。根据麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布，粒子动能越高，物质温度就越高。理论上，若粒子动能低到量子力学的最低点时，物质即达到绝对零度，不能再低。然而，根据热力学第二定律，绝对零度永远无法达到，只可无限逼近。因为任何空间必然存有能量和热量，也不断进行相互转换而不消失。所以绝对零度是不存在的，除非该空间自始即无任何能量热量。在此一空间，所有物质完全没有粒子振动，其总体积并且为零。

Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (International System of Units), which equates to −459.67° on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or Imperial units). The corresponding Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definition.