Some of the woodwardia fronds are already six feet high.

一些狗脊的叶子已经有六英尺高了。

The most important of the larger species are woodwardia, aspidium, asplenium, and, above all, the common pteris.

较大的物种中最重要的是 woodwardia、aspidium、asplenium，尤其是凤尾蕨。

Beneath the cool, deep shade of these majestic trees the ground is occupied by ferns, chiefly woodwardia and aspidiums, with only a few flowering plants-oxalis, trientalis, erythronium, fritillaria, smilax, and other shade-lovers.

在这些雄伟树木凉爽、深沉的树荫下，地面上长满了蕨类植物，主要​​是冬柏和阿斯达，只有少数开花植物——酢浆草、三叶草、赤莲、贝母、菝葜和其他喜荫植物。