马尼拉麻蕉（Musa textilis），又称马尼拉麻，属芭蕉科（Musaceae），原产菲律宾，广泛生长在婆罗洲和苏门答腊岛。至今，菲律宾仍是世界是最大的蕉麻生产国。本植物虽然称为马尼拉蕉麻，但属于芭蕉科植物，与真麻无亲缘关系。

多年生草本，形似芭蕉，茎直立柔软，由粗厚的叶鞘包迭而成柱状；叶很大，钜圆形，螺旋排列；穗状花序，单性花。浆果似香蕉。从根茎可生长出多至25个不含有纤维的肉质枝茎，丛生成环形。

叶柄中可提取纤维，其重要性在叶纤维中排第二位。最外面、最老的叶柄产生的纤维最坚实，色也最暗，其纤维长可达0.9－2.7公尺，并且坚实、有浮力，用于系船引索、钓鱼线、造纸和地毯等。

Abacá (/ɑːbəˈkɑː/ ah-bə-KAH; Spanish:abacá [aβaˈka]), binomial name Musa textilis, is a species of banana native to the Philippines, grown as a commercial crop in the Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The plant, also known as Manila hemp, has great economic importance, being harvested for its fiber, also called Manila hemp, extracted from the leaf-stems. The plant grows to 13–22 feet (4.0–6.7 m), and averages about 12 feet (3.7 m). The fiber was originally used for making twines and ropes; now most is pulped and used in a variety of specialized paper products including tea bags, filter paper and banknotes. It is classified as a hard fiber, along with coir, henequin and sisal.